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Holly
Cottony Taxus Scale: Horticultural spray oil can be applied as a dormant treatment. Crawlers may be managed with formulations of acephate, azadirachtin (Ornazin 3% EC only), buprofezin, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos (DuraGuard ME and Dursban 50W only), cyfluthrin, cyfluthrin and imidacloprid, deltamethrin, dimethoate (only on American and English hollies; not labeled for use on Burford variety hollies), dinotefuran, horticultural oil, hydrophobic extract of neem oil, imidacloprid, insecticidal soap, lambda-cyhalothrin (Battle GC, Demand CS, Scimitar CS, Scimitar GC, and Scimitar WP only), methidathion, and thiamethoxam. Marathon 1% G and Marathon 60 WP are labeled for use only on plants grown in containers, flats, benches, or beds.
Management Hints: Select and apply horticultural spray oil according to label directions. One white egg sac may contain more than 1,000 eggs. Eggs begin to hatch in late May and June. Crawlers settle on foliage and sprays should be applied during June. Repeat applications may be needed. One generation occurs each year. (p. 344)
Indian Wax Scale: Crawlers may be managed with acephate, acetamiprid, azadirachtin (Ornazin 3% EC only), buprofezin, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos (DuraGuard ME and Dursban 50W only), cyfluthrin, cyfluthrin and imidacloprid, deltamethrin, dimethoate (only on American and English hollies; not labeled for use on Burford variety hollies), dinotefuran, horticultural oil, hydrophobic extract of neem oil, imidacloprid, insecticidal soap, lambda-cyhalothrin (Battle GC, Demand CS, Scimitar CS, Scimitar GC, and Scimitar WP only), malathion, methidathion, and thiamethoxam. Marathon 1% G and Marathon 60 WP are labeled for use only on plants grown in containers, flats, benches, or beds.
Management Hints: Select and apply horticultural spray oil according to label directions. This species overwinters as adult females. Treat the crawler stage when they are active on an infested plant from June through mid-July. Repeat applications may be needed. (p. 356)
Inkberry Leafminer: Formulations of acetamiprid, azadirachtin, bifenthrin (Bifenthrin Pro Multi-Insecticide, Onyx Insecticide, Talstar F, Talstar Lawn & Tree Flowable, Talstar GC Flowable, Talstar Nursery Flowable, and TalstarOne Multi-Insecticide only), carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, cyfl uthrin and imidacloprid, cyromazine, deltamethrin (5SC only), imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin (for adult leafminers), novaluron, oxydemeton-methyl, permethrin, pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide, spinosad, and trichlorfon are labeled for leafminer management. Marathon 1% G and Marathon 60 WP are labeled for use only on plants grown in containers, flats, benches, or beds.
Management Hints: Apply a registered formulation from mid-April through mid-May and during mid-August through September. This species of agromyzid fly mines the foliage of inkberry, Ilex glabra, in Pennsylvania. Two generations are produced each year. (pp. 206, 208)
Native Holly Leafminer: Formulations of acetamiprid, azadirachtin, bifenthrin (Bifenthrin Pro Multi-Insecticide, Onyx Insecticide, Talstar F, Talstar Lawn & Tree Flowable, Talstar GC Flowable, Talstar Nursery Flowable, and TalstarOne Multi-Insecticide only), carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin and imidacloprid, cyromazine, deltamethrin (5SC only), dimethoate (only on American and English hollies; not labeled for use on Burford variety hollies), disulfoton, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin (for adult leafminers), novaluron, oxydemeton-methyl, permethrin, pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide, spinosad, and trichlorfon are labeled for leafminer management. Marathon 1% G and Marathon 60 WP are labeled for use only on plants grown in containers, flats, benches, or beds.
Management Hints: Apply a registered formulation in early May. There are four species of agromyzid flies in Pennsylvania that mine holly foliage. The native holly leafminer overwinters as a larva in the leaf mine. Adults emerge after a few new leaves have formed on holly (early May). This species feeds on American holly, Japanese holly, and related cultivars, but it lays eggs only in American holly. The native holly leafminer has one generation per year. When light infestations are noted, remove mined leaves before May. (p. 206)
Southern Red Mite: Horticultural spray oil can be applied as a dormant treatment. Formulations of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin (Bifenthrin Pro Multi-Insecticide, Onyx Insecticide, Talstar F, Talstar Lawn & Tree Flowable, Talstar GC Flowable, Talstar Nursery Flowable, and TalstarOne Multi- Insecticide only), chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, dimethoate (only on American and English hollies; not labeled for use on Burford variety hollies), disulfoton, etoxazole, fenbutatin-oxide, fenpropathrin, fenpyroximate, hexythiazox, horticultural oil, hydrophobic extract of neem oil, insecticidal soap, lambda-cyhalothrin, malathion, oxydemeton-methyl, pyridaben, spinosad, spiromesifen, and tau-fluvalinate are labeled for mite management.
Management Hints: Horticultural spray oil should be selected and applied according to label directions. Apply remaining products when motile stages of the mite are present in the spring. Repeat applications may be needed. Be sure to follow label directions. (p. 475)
Townsend Scale: Crawlers may be managed with acephate, azadirachtin (Ornazin 3% EC only), buprofezin, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos (DuraGuard ME and Dursban 50W only), cyfluthrin, cyfluthrin and imidacloprid, deltamethrin, dinotefuran, horticultural oil, hydrophobic extract of neem oil, insecticidal soap, lambda-cyhalothrin (Battle GC, Demand CS, Scimitar CS, Scimitar GC, and Scimitar WP only), and methidathion.
Management Hints: Select and apply horticultural spray oil according to label directions. Treat first-generation crawlers from mid-May through June. Second-generation crawlers should be treated during mid-July through mid-September. Repeat applications may be needed.